Carriacou Caribbean Connection
Re-visit the Authentic Caribbean
Ever thought you waited too long before travelling to the Caribbean Islands?
Palm Trees logo
Then come visit Carriacou.
HOW
DO
I
GET
THERE?
Welcome Message

Rt. Hon. Tillman Thomas 
Prime Minister
Grenada, Carriacou & Petite Martinique
Welcome Message

Dr. Ralph E. Gonsalves
Prime Minister
St. Vincent and The Grenadines


las Tortugas Villa 
Click HERE




Sankofa Villa Click HERE
Visit the Grenadines.net INTERNET CAFE

Hurricane EMILY  UP-DATES
So you're thinking about ...
making a visit or re-locating a life. 
Firstly, let's get to know a little of the island flavor.....

that I have happily called home these past 18+ years.
CLICK HERE FOR RESEARCH
Carriacou Hotels, Cottages & Villas
Brief history of Carriacou
Geologic history
Climate
Land-use history
Natural landmarks
National parks
Natural vegetation
Protected seascapes
HOTELS & GUESTHOUSES
Carriacou Island Map
A dependency of Grenada, 
Carriacou seems larger 
than its 13 square miles.
Click HERE 
for Carriacou Island map.
HOW DO I GET THERE?
Visit our Travel Page
You can also take the high-speed catamaran that services this route in about one hour between Grenada and Carriacou: http://www.grenadines.net/petitemartinique/ospreyhomepage.htm
WHAT's It REALLY LIKE
ON CARRIACOU, JOHN?
I have happily lived here for the past 18+ years
and if you're looking for a tiny island surrounded by wide, white sand beaches
with clear, clean and warm water seas filled with fish and healthy coral, with PERFECT weather year-round, then you have come to the right place. 
HERE the island is the attraction
and we have not attempted to improve much upon nature with any fancy tourism infrastructure.
We have diving. We have hiking and nature trails. 
Most people either walk or take island buses or ride bicycles.
Hours will pass and you'll not see a transport and lastly, when we see three tourists standing on a corner we consider that a tourist invasion.
We have no high-rise hotels. I think our largest is 18-rooms - most are 3-4 rooms. 
We have no casinos. 
We have no movie theatres.

Carriacou Locals Slaughter Animals in Hillsborough
Carriacou is also an island where:
~ Your neighbor can purchase a new stereo system and can play it 24/7 at full volume
aimed right into your own house's window and you can't complain.
~ A Local man can make a Farm on a vacant lot
right in the center of Hillsborough,
the main town on Carriacou,
and raise goats, sheep and even slaughter cows, pigs and sheep/goats and sell the meat.
Don't bother to complain about his roving animals eating your flowers and plants
as they roam freely throughout the town. Also watch your step as you walk though the Town or you'll be scraping the animal droppings off your shoes.
~ Dogs run wild in packs of 5-10 in the town streets,
knocking over trash bins, relieving themselves on the buildings, chasing everything that moves
with teeth showing and barking to keep everyone from sleeping at night.
~ Those few people owning vehicles drive without speed limit,
tossing a finished beer can out the window,
and they park their vehicles on the sidewalks so we must walk in the street.

So now that you know what you're getting into...

~ ~
We have SOLAR  Suites
~ ~

It's really difficult to relay the feeling 
one gets here on Carriacou. 
The closest I can explain is to imagine any small community - yours perhaps - of around 5,000 friendly, hard-working people. We fix tires, sell food & drink, run small shops and all those things that 5,000 people need to function as a self-sustaining neighborhood.  Now add-in some palm trees, miles-and-miles of wide, white sandy beaches. Connect everything with one lane country roads and a network of footpaths winding through the greenery surrounding the many villages. 

~
What you'll end-up with a perfect tourism destination.
IF... you want to experience this AUTHENTIC CARIBBEAN island as it is and as a welcome guest. Drop in for a few days, weeks or as in my case years. Treasure our nature. Socialize with the residents. Endure NOT having hot water, traffic, crime, pollution from industry, industry and the feeling that there are more tourists than locals.  Here three tourists are considered an "invasion."
So come visit with us 
and enjoy the AUTHENTIC CARIBBEAN.
It wll be our little secret.....
Ah...  just another day in paradise.
~
P.S. 
If you MUST have those things 
that we do not have ourselves as we go about our daily lives, just the basics really, then perhaps Carriacou is not for you. 
Personally I hate a tourist 
that stands in front of a perfect white sand beach that goes on for miles without as much as another footprint on it, seeing it sloping gently down into absolutely clear, warm water (83°F year round), with the gentle Tradewind Breeeeezes gently caressing his face.
And I hear....
"The water pressure in my room wasn't ....
"The markets don't have...
and....
Read what
Caribbean Travel and Life
has to say about Carriacou
Carriacou is the largest of the Grenadines in Grenada territory. It is seven miles long and three miles wide at the broadest point. The island is irregular in shape with a wooded ridge running the length of it averaging 750 feet in height with the highest point, a hill at the northern end called High North, reaching 850 feet above sea level.  Numerous small settlements stud the landscape.
Flower Flower
Red flamboyants and creamy white frangipani blossom among the mahoganies, acacias, sea almonds, and cacti. While it is at the sea, with its exquisite spectrum of blues, that makes Carriacou a holiday destination (the name is said to come from the Carib for "land surrounded by reefs"), the island's rich heritage, still evident today, is what makes it distinctive. 
I like to use the term: AUTHENTIC.
Carriacou's architecture
Carriacouans are industrious and most are self-employed, announcing their services in hand-lettered signs: They fix tires, make furniture, print menus, shoot passport photos, straighten ladies' hair, and record music, all in the span of just a couple blocks. The island's architecture shows both whimsy and practicality and says a lot about island life. Hand-sawn fretwork and hand-chipped stone embellish simple houses whose jalousied or glassless windows let in the cool tradewinds. Planters, recycled from plastic buckets, trim cottage stoops, and front yards are furrowed into rows of corn and pigeon peas. Though many of the islanders don't have much in terms of material goods, they express well-being.
Arm wrestle competition at Carriacou Regatta Festival in August
You will see babies delighting in their morning sea bath, men playing earnest games of soccer on the beach, and night-time gatherings at the crossroads for conversation.


Perfect windsurfing conditions

The SEA is our No.1 Attraction
Carriacou's obvious attractions are the gorgeous waters - clear, warm, with white-sand sea floors, and there are always local boat operators willing to take you
to the many nearby, 

uninhabited off-islands
White Island
if you have already taken the time to explore the beaches around the island itself.
Hillsborugh Bay beach
The close-in reefs abound with fairy basslets and stoplight parrotfish, even queen triggerfishes and schools of squid.
Healthy coral and exotic fish
Extensive coral beds that a snorkeler can reach from the beach provide hours of enjoyment. Explore the island
and find the santa maria trees whose fragrant leaves are used in herbal remedies.
Walk the often sylvan roads and trails.
Friendly faces on Carriacou
Greet the women in their gardens, children wheeling hand-made toys, young men playing soccer in the road.
Carriacou youth with handmade toy
Aways take plenty of water
and don't pass-up one of the 100 rum shops 

where you can get - besides rum and conversation - beer and sodas
An impressive number of Amerindian artifacts have been found here, (a few years ago a dig in Harvey Vale uncovered several complete human skeletons, burial masks, a drinking well and other remnants leading speculation toward a 1,000+ year old Taino site) including ceramic body ornaments and loom weights. 
Fossil Discovery on Carriacou
Roads built by the French in the seventeenth century, now bowered by overreaching trees, crisscross the island and make wonderful walking trails. Summer Year 2001 was the reconstruction of the major commercial road network islandwide. Until its completion we had patience and endurance as the old roads were removed and replaced with concrete. The cotton, sugar, and indigo plantations established by the English in the 1700s and 1800s may be long gone, but there still remain their great houses and outbuildings (in various stages of repair) in cow pastures and trackless woodlands. 
Boatbuilding the Old Time Way
And in the Villages of Windward & Harvey Vale, you can watch men, some with Scottish surnames, build schooners the way their 19th-century forefathers did. But it is the island's African ancestors, who picked the cotton and crushed the cane, who have left the most vibrant legacy here -- the traditions and beliefs that define this remarkable island.

las Tortugas villa
Hillsborough - Carriacou's Main Town
Hillsborough, Carriacou's one town,
has an unprepossessing Main Street:
some storefronts are empty,
paint is peeling on others.
But take a closer look
and you will see its history
in the stone and shingled buildings, balconied second floors, and the beautiful, dressed-stone remains of a lime warehouse, being carefully and conscientiously salvaged in an overgrown lot.
Hillsborough - View from Top Floor - Ade's Dream

 
Turtle Dove Pizzeria & Internet - Tyrrel Bay

 
Twilight Restaurant & Bar - Tyrrel Bay

 
Windward Village View

CLICK to VISIT Tamarind Cottage



Carriacouans also like to celebrate:
Fisherman's Birthday
"Fisherman's Birthday" 
is a once-a-year, three day fête at which everyone seems to join in the swimming races, tug-of-war, domino games, and dancing.
Carriacou Carnival
For Carnival, villagers competitively recite Shakespere, and at weddings, four-piece bands play intricate quadrilles for which spouse will dominate. Even a foreboding dream may be a cause for a festival: To avoid a drastic event a "Maroon" is held with "smoke food," hymns, and the playing of Big Drums.
Carriacou's Big Drum Nation Dance
Nonetheless, Carriacou is on most days a quiet place where you get up with the sun and go to bed with the moon's rising. Time has no meaning; thermometers do not exist. Cows cool themselves on the beach and braying donkeys graze at roadsides. And though Canute Caliste's naive paintings have been internationally recognized, he was proudest of his 23 children and more than 200 grandchildren.


S/V Yankee Clipper sails between Grenada and St. Vincent
S/V Sea Cloud Sails The Grenadines
CLICK to Visit Villa les tres Tours Webpage
Even with just a little over 200 "beds" on the island, Carriacou has an astonishing range of accommodations, from plain guesthouses with shared facilities to airy mountainside suites to private cottages and villas. Simplicity, however, is the order of the day: Closets are routinely minute, soap is the only amenity, showers are most often without temperature controls.
Good home cooking here on Carriacou
Carriacou has perhaps a dozen restaurants
but a multitude of eating establishments.

However, daily research is required: Stop by the restaurants, bars, and rum shops. Ask what they are cooking that day, for even in season what you see on the menu is not necessarily what you'll be offered - menus merely suggest the range of the cook's skills. Since they rely on fresh foods, their repertoire is determined by availability.
Seaside dinner at The Lambi Queen Restaurant/Bar - Tyrrel Bay
Most, if not all produce
is imported from Grenada, St. Vincent or Trinidad, so don't expect California-size salads.
But the fish is always wonderful -- usually two or three kinds, almost always including the local specialty lambi, or conch, or lobster when in season (after 1 September).

I suggest you always take TODAY'S SPECIAL
- not only a way to eat what we eat,
but also to recognize
that you are NOT home
so why eat what's eaten
there?
las Tortugas Villa

CLICK to Rent a Mountain Bike

The owners and managers of the businesses here on Carriacou
COOL SITES logo
Welcome You!  Carriacou "The Isle of Reefs" is often called the island with one gasoline station and 100 rum shops. The 5,000 residents on this little island just five miles wide and 15 miles long are hard at work to take care of your every wish and the following  commercial directory will allow you the opportunity to see what I mean.
The information is organized into land-, sea-, travel-, music- and yellow pages-related activities. Click on graphics to enter.
Restaurants, Taxi Rates, Tourism Map, Jack-Iron Strong Rum and other land based activities
Land Activities
Sea
Activities
Water Taxis
Get answers to Travel Connection Questions See sample music cassette covers of island music
Carriacou Commercial Directory
Carriacou
YELLOW PAGES

Windward Bible Church
Walter Robinson II, Pastor


We have just over 200 rooms on the entire island. Come visit us!
Bayaleau Point Cottages 
Ben and Jenny's Apartment
Belair Gardens Cottage  





Dolphin House




Round House Cottages

Sankofa
Exotic Villa

Sankofa - 3-Bedroom Carriacou Exotic Villa
 SOLAR apartment SEACLUSION





VERANDA
Beach House
Veranda Beach Hiouse
Villa las Tortugas                    
la Tortugas villa
RESEARCH 
Brief history of Carriacou
Geologic history
Climate
Land-use history
Natural landmarks
National parks
Natural vegetation
Protected seascapes
Carriacou is in the Atlantic Time Zone which is UTC - 4.
Its climate is tropical with temperatures between 75-85°F.
The electricity supply in Grenada is 220 volts, 50 cycles.
Appliances rated at 110 volts (US Standard) usually work satisfactorily with a transformer. Most hotels provide dual voltage shaver units. Bring an adapter plug for small appliances. US, Canadian and British citizens need only two documents proving citizenship, one with a photo. An onward or return ticket is usually required as well. Intransit passengers must have a passport.

There is no restriction on the amount of foreign currency which can be brought into Grenada. Personal clothing and other belongings are also admitted freely.
Grenada's official currency is the Eastern Caribbean dollar (XCD).
CLICK HERE TO CONVERT XCD TO YOUR OWN CURRENCY
The exchange rate is EC$2.67 = US$1.00 at the banks for cash and EC$2.68 = US$1.00 for Traveller's Cheques. Money can also be exchanged at most hotels, but the exchange rate is better at the banks or supermarkets or shops.


Geologic history
The Grenadine Islands and Carriacou represent the exposed summits of peaks on a single narrow bank of submerged volcanic mountains. RELIEF MAP HERE The Island of Grenada is separated from Carriacou by a channel 600 feet deep. The Grenadine Islands came into existence in the late Oligocene period, sank or eroded away during the Pliocene and were completely submerged during the Pleistocene period. Since that time, a regional uplifting of the sea floor has raised the Islands above sea level (Howard, 1950).

     The diversity of the geological formation of the Grenadines is fascinating. Bequia is characterized by pyroclastic rocks preponderant over massive. Some islands have red and white clays due to laterization and kaolinization of the volcanic andesites in situ. Other islands are weathered rugged
     volcanic rocks and agglomerates.

     Carriacou, an Island of 34 square kilometers has been studied by geologists since the 19th century. The most recent studies have indicated fossiliferous limestone formation ranging in age from upper Eocene to Pleistocene.

     The Island can be divided into two zones:
          (i) The Fossiliferous limestone area which is mainly of the miocene age with outcroppings in the eastern part. This non-volcanic formation is characterized by continuous stratifications of calcareous, clastic and volcanic lithofacies; and
          (ii) The volcanic area which covers about two thirds of the Island. This section consists of lava flows, lava domes and volcanoclastic products ranging in age from Miocene to the Pliocene (Briden et al., 1979).

Climate
     The climate of the Grenadines is a relatively uniform one characterized by a northeast breeze which prevails most of the year. The temperature averages about 80 degrees F. in the dry season and 74 degrees F. in the rainy season. Significantly less rain falls on the smaller Islands; from 50-70 inches per year. These drier conditions predominate because of their inability to cause
     condensation due to a lack of a high cordilliera. On Union Island for example, a high rainfall count of 62.24 inches was tabulated, and a low of 25.7 inches with a 13 year average of 37.67 inches.
Land-use history
     The Islands had a deep fertile soil at the time they were settled, which was utilized first primarily for cotton, a short time for sugar cane and thereafter for cotton. Sugar cane was phased out with the abolition of slavery and with the decline of the world price of sugar.

     Old windmills such as this one found near the Belair Cultural Landmark serve as monuments to the agricultural productivity of Carriacou in the 1800's and early 1900's.

     Cotton is no longer an agricultural product, production having tapered over the last 40 years. As with any monoculture agriculture, insect infestation developed. The necessity of controlling the insect pests without insecticides led the farmers to rip out the annual crop and burn it thereby killing the insects and eliminating their food source. Even wild cotton was removed. The result was
     devastating as further soil erosion occurred at an accelerated rate.

     Limes were also grown on Carriacou up until the turn of the century, but production per acre was less than the yields realized in Grenada. Lime production was profitable until 1920 when many of the groves were abandoned.

     This well, built to provide a constant source of water for livestock, can be seen in the Limlair-Thibaud Protected Seascape.

     Coconuts were planted in the 1870's but were depleted in the late 1870's. Livestock were subsequently introduced on the smaller islands once soil fertility was depleted. Finally goats and black-bellied sheep were introduced and still provide improved breeding stock for Grenada. Sheep, cattle and goats are causing significant soil erosion resulting in decertification on the island.
     Compounding this problem is the "Let go season" where the animals are released to fend for themselves during the dry season. They promote rill and gully erosion which down cuts the subsoil and as a result water storage capability is reduced. Animals also reduce reforestation efforts and
     potential crop production. Although animals are very important to the economy, fencing and pasture establishment is needed. Some coconut plantations still exist which are in need of management and protection.

Natural vegetation
     Beard's 1949 work, The Natural Vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Islands discusses "seasonal formations". When the evaporation from freshwater ponds and streams and the transpiration from plants exceeds the rainfall, a drought begins to occur. This is estimated to be at around 4 inches of rainfall per month (Charter, 1941). If the period of drought is short, the vegetation will be little affected, but longer droughts, as are characteristic during the dry season
     December through June, will adversely affect the diversity of flora. As a result, the smaller Islands are represented by a Dry Thorn Scrub - Cactus - Legume Association at its best developed stage. The plants have leaves during the rainy season, and with the exception of a few species, are leafless during the dry season, hence the plant association Dry Deciduous Seasonal Forest.

     Areas deforested and left to "old field succession" generally come back in pure stands depending on adjacent seed source, relief, and soils. Vegetative tufts of Croton, Cordia, or Leucaena can be found, as can Bauhinia ungula and Cuidosolus ureus (Howard, 1950) (Beard, 1949). These forest type sub-climaxes are found primarily on the leeward side of the Islands.

     On the windward side of the Islands, Coccoloba uvifera, Hippomane manchinella and Cocos nucifera are found on the beaches on the moist lowlands which descend to sea level. On the slopes which begin from the wave cut cliffs, the contorted, wind sheared and salt sprayed growth of Randia aculeata, Tabebuia pallida, Coccoloba caribaea, and various species of Capparis
     predominate. Opuntia dilleiri and Agave caribaeicola are found on the most extreme rocky steep cliffs. More inland the typical spiny Acacia - Albizzia - Pithecellobium Association may be identified.

     Dominants in the open woodland are Bursera simaruba, Brosimum alicastrum, Pisonia fragrans, Ficus lentiginosa, in order of frequency.

     Three epiphytic air plants are noted. These are Aechmea lingulata, Tillandsia utriculata and Tillandsia flexuosa. The latter two are in the pineapple family.

     Two rare and unusual plants found on Carriacou are Morisonia americana or jumbie sapodilla and Lemna perpusilla which has been found growing on the surface of ponds.


Brief history of Carriacou*
          * The following section is adapted from Howard, (1950)

     Carriacou is the largest of the Grenadines in Grenada territory. It is seven miles long and three miles wide at the broadest point. The island is irregular in shape with a ridge running the length of it averaging 750 feet in height with the highest point, a hill at the northern end called High North, reaching 850 feet above sea level.

     Carriacou with a population of 5,000 or more is the seat of Government for the Grenada Grenadines. The largest town on the island is Hillsborough.

     Carriacou is composed mainly of subsistence agriculturalists who cultivate vegetables including sweet potatoes, pigeon peas, and corn. Tomatoes and lettuce are grown in very small quantities. Small amounts of peanuts are grown for export.

     In the past century Carriacou produced limes as the principal crop. Today, sugar is no longer grown and the lime industry is intermittent. Throughout the island one finds ruins of old houses and windmill towers which were used in grinding cane. Some of these features will be protected as cultural landmarks.

     Water is a chronic problem on Carriacou. According to the historic documents the land was once forested and sugar was grown at the lower levels. Irrigation channels were established in the late 1700's and used to direct rainwater from the hills for agriculture. In 1891, according to Dr. Nichols'
     diary, water was in such short supply that it was necessary to import water for human consumption from Grenada. In 1891 a few wells were sunk to obtain ground water. One on the grounds of the old Limlair Estate is a recommended cultural landmark. Today, most houses have their own water collection and storage system. Lack of water remains one of the chief problems limiting development on the island.

     The middle of the island is a designated forest reserve under the supervision of the Forestry Department. A representative of the Forestry Department patrols the area to prevent the inhabitants of Carriacou from cutting wood and quarrying in the area.

The volcanic Mabouya Island off Carriacou has a dry thorn scrub vegetation with cactus and fragipani. It is part of a Protected Seascape.

The agriculture of a century ago covered practically all of the lands on Carriacou. Nichols reports cotton fields extending from the town of Hillsborough to the top of the ridge and continuous to the eastern coast and extending from one end of the island to the other. As a result, the intensive agricultural practices of over 200 years have left the island mostly deforested with eroded and infertile soils. Nevertheless, there are some commercial operations on Carriacou both in vegetables and fruits. The Forestry Department has initiated a Watershed management Program.

     The coast of Carriacou is largely coral or shoal formations and is wave-cut in the majority of places.  Manchineel Bay and Carenage Bay near Harvey Vale have limited areas of beach, spectacular because they are of black sand formed from volcanic rock.

     By contrast the beaches at Grand Anse on Hillsborough Bay are of white coral sands. While the limited black sand beaches support an Avicennia plant growth, those white beaches on the western side of the island are dominated by Hippomane, Coccoloba uvifera and Erithallis fruticosa. Some specimens of Caesalpinia bonduc scramble over the shrubs. Crotalaria verrucosa is a conspicuous blue-flowered herb in this beach association.


National parks
(i)
HIGH NORTH
Location: Northern section of Carriacou.

     NATIONAL PARKS & PROTECTED AREAS CARRIACOU - GOVERNMENT OF GRENADA/OAS
     PROJECT - THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF A SYSTEM OF NATIONAL PARKS
     AND PROTECTED AREAS

     Red mangrove proproots protect the shoreline, provide habitat for shellfish, and other wildlife.

     Summary Description: High North Peak with 955 feet is the highest in Carriacou. Containing important watersheds for the northern part of the Island, this park encompasses the complete spectrum of ecological systems in Carriacou. The finest dry thorn scrub deciduous forests are found on the north west slope descending to seasonal evergreen forests on the alluvial flats
     leading to L'Ance La Rouche, the most scenic and private beach in Carriacou. Coral reefs and outstanding volcanic and uplifted sedimentary formations are clearly visible. The littoral vegetation of manchineel and coconut is well developed. The entire Park is the most undisturbed area in Carriacou.

     The Estate Ruins found overlooking L'Ance La Roche Bay are of significant historical importance. The estate, once comprising about 266 acres of forest and grazing lands, was advertised for sale in the St. George's Chronicle and Grenada Gazette, dated June 7, 1826. (Brinkley, F.K. 1986,Pers. Comm.) At the time it was described as a dwelling house in substantial order. A kitchen, corn house, hospital, cattle pens, and pigeon house were built of mason work. Accompanying the sale were numerous implements necessary for the cultivation of corn and cotton.

     Some of the foundations are worthy of restoration and the area provides outstanding opportunities for tourism and environmental education.

     The mangrove ecosystems at Petit Carenage Bay are among the most developed in the Country.  Both the mangrove swamp formation and the littoral sand beach vegetation are found. Few signs of cropping for charcoal are visible, and as a result, this may be the finest mangrove and mud flat ecosystem found in the country of Grenada.

     Significance of the Area: The High North National Park contains some of the most outstanding terrestrial ecosystems in the Country, and due to its importance in the Grenadines, should be recommended as a Biosphere Reserve with UNESCO. The area offers tourist and recreational resources in Carriacou and merits immediate attention. Shipbuilding in Windward presents traditional skills presented in a scenic setting. A bird sanctuary should be established at Petit Carenage where there are many rare migrants as well as resident water birds.

     A tour of Carriacou should begin at the Hospital scenic overlook, where the capital Hillsborough and adjacent lands can be seen from a bird's eye view.

     Now overgrown with vegetation, the cannon and foundations of the L'Ance la Rouche ruins present fascinating vistas into the past agricultural and military history of Carriacou.

     Management Objectives: To provide protection for and maintain in a natural state the ecosystem and habitats of the area, to provide for recreational and educational activities in the forest area, while providing for recreational activities along the coastal areas.

     Activities: Formation of a Nature Conservacy as part of the Historical Society of Carriacou to promote tours, birdwatching trips, and oversee the restoration of the area utilizing public and private sector funds.

Protected seascapes
(i)
THE LIMLAIR-THIBAUD AREA
Location: South of Point Saint Hilaire in Central eastern Carriacou. Summary Description: This region is fascinating from primarily a cultural and historical vantage point. The long history of livestock development is represented by a hand dug well which is 30 by 20 by 20 feet deep and
     lined by a rock wall of high quality indicating the intentions of the estate owners were of permanence. The coast is lined with 3 or 4 separate cemeteries dating back to the 1700's, with a tomb and mausoleum of Hugh Monro, Esq., owner of the Limlair Estate dated 1778. On Tarltons Point a cannon can be found resting on the cliff, having been pushed out of place.

Significance of the Area: Presenting fascinating vistas into the military and agricultural history of Carriacou, the area has value for tourism, anthropological research, and education of the local population.

Management Objectives: To protect and restore these valuable cultural features and initiate programs of research, education and tourism.

Activities: Demarcation of boundaries, land tenure investigation, design of tourism and education programs.

Windmills used to dot the landscape all over Grenada and Carriacou which were previously used for investigation. Now the adventure can find foundations of these and other stone works all over the island.

(ii)
TYRREL BAY
Protected Seascape:
Location: South-west central area of Carriacou.

Summary Description: Carriacou has world renowned fame for the mangrove oyster which comes from the mangrove ecosystem of Tyrrel Bay. The mangrove ecosystem and adjacent salt mud flats show signs of human disturbance, and are recommended for protection because of the foreign exchange generated and employment opportunities presented.

Significance of the Areas: It is an important economic fishing area as well as nursery ground for fish and aquatic life. It has been a traditional yacht anchorage and hurricane hole.

Management Objectives: To protect the mangrove ecosystem while developing the resource for oyster production and to accommodate regulated traditional fishing.

Activities: Demarcation of boundaries, initiation of development, protection and management programme, environmental research programme as is on going with Artisanal Fisheries Project.

(iii)
LAURISTON POINT: - Sandy Island -Mabouya Island Protected Seascape.
     Location: Central Western section of Carriacou.

Summary Description: Containing an excellent mangrove ecosystem, coral reefs, and island vegetation, this area is highly suitable for tourism. Close to Hillsborough, and the airport, the area provides excellent opportunities for field trips for the schools and community groups. Turtle nesting areas are found on the islands. The mangroves are untouched and are better developed than any noted in Grenada. The area is excellent for birdwatching. Sandy Island is a favorite mooring spot for yachts.

Significance of the Area: Proximity to the capital of Carriacou and quality ecosystems.

Management Objectives: The area presents opportunities for the area to be developed for recreation, education and tourism, while protecting the valuable natural habitats, especially Sandy Island, where the reefs are reported to show stress due to spear fishing and the reported use of dynamite.

Activities: Demarcation of boundaries, preparation of management and development plan.

(iv)
SALINE/WHITE ISLAND AND REEFS
     Location: Fifteen miles north - north east of Grenada and one mile south of Carriacou.

Summary Description: Saline Island and White Island present fascinating geology. Saline has a brackish lagoon salt pond surrounded by a mangrove ecosystem. Pyroclastic deposits indicate
     major volcanic activity and two volcanic plugs are present. Shorebirds can be seen searching for crustaceans in the mud flats of the brackish lagoon and the adjacent coral reefs are
     unquestionably Grenada's most outstanding. Panoramic views of the reefs may be had from various look out points from both Saline and White Island. White Island is surrounded on three
     sides by sandy white beaches with diverse untouched littoral vegetation.

Significance of the Area: This area presents one of the most outstanding scenic and tourism resources in the country. Pristine white sandy beaches, unique geology, insights into the
     anthropological development of the islands, and productive mangroves and salt ponds blend together to present Grenada's finest natural setting. Both White and Saline are some of the most
     unusual Islands seen in the Grenadines. Both have pyroclastic volcanic plugs which rise 200 feet in height being undercut by wave action. The rock domes are fractured into tall columns. Iguanas were common until the 1960's, but now are much rarer. These Islands would be excellent areas to re-introduce the iguana and provide for their protection.

Howard, 1950 notes that the vegetation on White Island is decidedly unusual in the Lesser Antilles, and more characteristic of the Greater Antilles and Bahamas. Notably, Tournefortia gnaphalodes, Heliotropium indicum, Heliotropium curassavicum, and Euphorbia buxifolia are common.

The adjacent waters present the largest and most diverse coral reefs in Grenada as well as outstanding opportunities for recreation and tourism from Carriacou. The natural features have the potential to be developed for day trips of diving, nature study and scenic appreciation.

Activities: Formation of White Island/Saline Island management committee of interested Carriacou residents, to design protection measures by controlling visitors, yachts, and cruise ships. Monitor

     the area, enforce, and design visitor tours and facilities.
(v)
SABAZAN P.S.
     Location: South Eastern Area of Carriacou near Dumfries.

Summary Description: Sabazan was probably the most elaborate of the large estate houses on Carriacou. Constructed in the late 1700's or early 1800's the ruins contain an old well, six
     foundations, a tower looking towards the sea and an elaborate cistern system. (Frances Kay Brinkley, Pers. Comm.)

Significance of the Area: The ruins reflect the history of agricultural development and the importance of water in Carriacou. It is a site of an important Amerindian settlement. Nearby, at Dumfries is an old Cotton gin, lime factory and French foundation. It is the home of some rare birds, e.g. the mangrove cuckoo.

Management Objectives: To protect the ruins, artifacts, birds; to design programs of educational research to further understand the historical development of Carriacou. To tie in Sabazan, Dumfries, and other protected areas into an around the Island tour for visitors and school groups.

Activities: New area study, protection of the ruins, artifacts, and birds, visitation by school groups.

Natural landmarks
FOSSIL BEDS OF GRAND BAY

     Location: 1/2 mile south and 1/2 mile north of Grand Bay Village on the Windward Coast of Carriacou.

Summary Description: Both sites contain about 30 feet of well bedded fine grained ashy shales which are exposed along the shore. Fossils of Gastenopoda, Pleurotoma, Alvitra, Phos, Pyrala and Conus are present. When wet with seawater, the fossils look very well preserved. In some cases, the sharp edged angite crystals have imprints. Trocolyathus and Flabellum can also be seen. The Globorotalia Fobsifobsi (Grand Bay Beds) have been correlated with the Lower Miocene Baitoa formation of the Dominican Republic.

Significance of the Area: The fossil beds are the only known beds in Grenada which are plainly visible. The beds provide excellent opportunities for education, illustrating prehistoric shellfish, some of which are long since extinct.

Management Objectives: To design environmental education programs and protect the fossil beds from further deterioration. To initiate geological research into the importance of the area.

Activities: Review land ownership; design of environmental education program for school system.

Cultural landmarks
(i)
BELAIR
     Location: North Central Carriacou at 719 feet above sea level.

The Belair Cultural Landscape once served as a headquarters for the People's Revolutionary Army. Historically the property was cultivated in sugar cane and thereafter cotton.

Summary Description: In 1784, John Reid, Esq. owned Belair Estate. An old English great house was completed in 1809. Next to the great house, foundations of an older French house exist, indicative of the amount of times the island of Carriacou changed hands.

The house looks upon the old windmill tower still in excellent condition. At one time the entire area was cultivated in sugar cane to support the mill. Thereafter, at the turn of the century, cotton became the predominate crop. Just down the road is an old windmill foundation which is so intact it could be restored.

During the People's Revolutionary Government, the area was utilized as an Army Camp. At the time of the U.S. and Caribbean Forces intervention of Grenada, a large explosion occurred at the house which remains a mystery. (Frances Kay Brinkley, Pers. Comm.)

Significance of the Area: Belair has both French and English ruins, and the finest sugar mill and windmill foundations on the Island. A large cistern is also in place. The Belair Estate affords one of the most spectacular views on the island.

Management Objectives: To protect the ruins and initiate programs of education and research. The late Frances Kay Brinkley of the Historical Society has recommended that the Belair house be restored to a cultural and conference center. Funding agencies and private sector initiatives should be sought out to restore the house.

Activities: To promote educational programs, to protect the area with patrols. Construction of visitor facilities and design of a self-guiding cultural trail through the estate and management of the site.

(ii)
LA POINTE
     Location: South Western tip of Carriacou.

The Fossils Beds Natural Landmark in Carriacou expose millions of years of archeology in the sedimentary and igneous layers.

Portable cannons of this nature could be moved about freely thereby surprising the enemy during the tumultuous times when the British and French were continually fighting for dominion over the Islands.

Summary Description: La Pointe Cultural Landmark is situated in a scenic peninsular and contains the ruins of an old French estate house (Frances Kay Brinkley, Pers. Comm.)

Significance of the Area: As is true of all the old estates. La Pointe gives vistas into the history of Carriacou. Iguanas are found here.

Management Objectives: To protect and continue research into the importance and value of the ruins.

Activities: The declaration of this and all cultural landmarks as areas to be inventoried and studied in more depth.

(iii)
DOVER RUINS
     Location: 1/4 mile inland North East Carriacou.

Summary Description: The Dover ruins are the site of the first church in Carriacou, and is where Priest Maissoneuve resided. The square cut rocks of the foundation, still in place indicate the importance of northern Carriacou to the first French settlements.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE


Bibliography
Arculus, R.J., 1976.
Geology and Geochemistry of the Alkali Basalt-Andesite Association of Grenada, Lesser Antilles Island Arc. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 87, p. 612-624.
Bacon, P., Berry, F., Bjorndahl, K., Hirth, H., Ogren, L. and Weber, M. (1984)
Symposium on Sea Turtle Research of the Western Atlantic. University of Miami Press, Miami, USA.
Bacon, Peter R., 1978.
Flora and Fauna of the Caribbean. Key Caribbean Publications Port of Spain, Trinidad pp. 153.
Beard, J.S. 1944.
Provisional list of Trees and Shrubs of the Lesser Antilles Caribbean Forester, Vol 5, No. 2 pp. 48-67.
Beard, J.S. 1949.
The Natural Vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Islands. Oxford: For: MEM. pp. 136-158.
Brinkley, Frances.
Personal Communication, Hillsborough, Carriacou, Grenada, 1986.
Brizan, George, 1984.
Grenada Island of Conflict - From Amerindians to People's Revolution 1498-1979. ZED Books Ltd., London
Carr, A., et al., 1982
Surveys of Sea Turtle Populations and Habitats in the Western Atlantic. NOAA, Florida.
Charter, C.F., 1941.
A Reconnaissance Survey of the Soils of British Honduras. Government Printery, Trinidad.
Devas, Raymond P., 1941.
Birds of Grenada, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Carenage Press, St. George's, Grenada, pp. 88.
ECNAMP - Caribbean Conservation Association, 1980.
Preliminary Data Atlas Grenada and Grenada Grenadines. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands pp. 20.
Forestry Division/OAS Project on Establishment and Management of a System of National Parks and Protected Areas. Draft Policy Statement and Institutional Analysis and Arrangements. December, 1985
Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Fisheries, and Tourism pp. 43.
Geoghegan, Tighe, 1983.
Guidelines for Integrated Marine Resource Management in the Eastern Caribbean. Caribbean Conservation Association, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands, pp. 52.
Groom, J.R., 1970.
A Natural History of the Island of Grenada, W.I. Caribbean Printers Ltd., Trinidad 115 pp.
Groombridge, B., 1982.
The IUCN Amphibia-Reptilia Red Data Book. IUCN Gland, Switzerland.
Halewyn, R. Van and Norton, R.L. 1984.
The Status and Conservation of Seabirds in the Caribbean. In: Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H. and Schreiber, R. W. (eds), Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds ICBP Technical Publication 2, Cambridge.
Hooper, E.D.M., 1887.
Report up on the Forests of Grenada and Carriacou. Waterlow and Sons Ltd., London pp. 11-13.
Howard, Richard A., 1950.
Vegetation of the Grenadines, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. pp. 28-37.
GOG/OAS Integrated Development Project - December, 1985
Institutional Analysis and Arrangements for the Establishment and Management of a National Parks and Protected Areas Program in Grenada -  pp. 32.
International Council for Bird Preservation. (1987).
Draft Island Data Base Project, Cambridge, England.
IUCN-UNEP-WWF. Gland, Switzerland. 1980.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. World Conservation
     Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. 
King, W.B., (1987-1979)
Red data Book 2. Aves. 2nd edition. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN
Lazell, J.D., 1980.
British Virgin Islands Faunal Survey. Report to the Government of the British Virgin Islands. The Nature Conservancy. Washington, D.C.
Meganck, Richard A, L. Kisto, and S. Persad. 1983.
Management and Development Plan for the Caura Recreation Park. Forestry Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Port of Spain, Trinidad pp. 153.
Myers, G. S., 1937.
"Fresh Water Fishes and W.I. Zoogeography, Sniths: Rept. pp. 339-364.
Putney, Alien, 1976.
Strategy for the Establishment of an Outstanding Natural Areas Program in Ecuador, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Production, Quito, Ecuador.
Putney, Alien D., 1982.
Final Report - Survey of Conservation Priorities in the Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Conservation Association, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. pp. 27-28.
 
River Antoine and Estate: It's History. 1984 ECNAMP, St. Lucia. Unpublished, pp. 40
Salm, R.V. and Clark, J.R., 1984.
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. IUCN Publication, Gland, Switzerland, pp. 302.
Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R., 1975.
A Checklist of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh.
The Grenada Handbook and Directory, 1946.
 The Advocate Co. Ltd., Bridgetown, Barbados pp. 395.
Thelen, K.D. and S. Faizool. 1980.
Plan for a System of National Parks and Protected Areas in Trinidad and Tobago, Forestry Division, Ministry of Agriculture/OAS. Port of Spain, Trinidad pp. 106.
Vernon, K.C. et al., 1959.
Soil and Land use Surveys No. 9 Grenada. University of the West Indies Trinidad, W.I. pp. 41.
Vincent, George, 1981.
A Report on the Proposed Levera National Park, ECNAMP-CCA - Unpublished pp. 64.
This page last up-dated 30 July 2008
The Carriacou Caribbean Connection. 
(c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,  2000, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008

All rights reserved. Disclaimer